Occurrence and toxicity impact of pharmaceuticals in hospital effluents: Simulation based on a case of study

In the University Hospital of Albacete (Spain), distribution Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) was studied to estimate occurrence most prevalent analgesics and anti-inflammatories antibiotics in patients’ urines. This estimation based on consumption amounts APIs their pharmacokinetic data. Results showed that metamizole would be drug among with estimated concentrations ranging 100 – 1000 mg dm -3 urines hospitalized surgical ICU, followed by around 10 acetylcysteine ICU paracetamol geriatrics. Likewise, 1 - were calculated for 20 representative antibiotics. Two ?-lactam (imipenem, meropenem) one fluoroquinolone antibiotic (levofloxacin) present urine from more than 3 medical areas. Additionally, simulation toxicity impacts active pharmaceutical ingredients hospital effluents developed using SimaPro 9.3.0.3 software Ecoinvent 3.3 database since few studies reported real drugs Ibuprofen observed have 2.4 times ecotoxicity freshwaters paracetamol, although they did not show human related carcinogenic effects. Amoxicillin presented a high potential ecological risk kg equivalence 1.4-DB per gram drug. Overall, results demonstrate importance develop an adequate management treatment effluents, including urines, reduce environmental sanitary impacts.